I made this glossary for my English class in college. This glossary is for people who'd loved to learn more about psychology and to learn new words.
I made this glossary because it'll help me during all my academic progress, even during my Ph. D in psychology. To put you in context, psychology is a subdivision of Social Sciences. It's the science that studies the brain, how it works and how it affects our daily life behaviour. In this glossary I put 4 of the approaches that led all the development. I also put some of the concept that are still not really clear for me.
anxiety
noun
An intense emotional response caused by the preconscious recognition that a repressed conflict is about to emerge into consciousness.
Example: My anxiety is taking a big place in my life.
en: anxiété
behaviorism
noun
The theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns.
Example: We can explain human behavior with one of the three theories, like behaviorism.
en: béhaviorisme
cognitive psychologie
noun
the study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity and thinking
Example: Cognitive psychology involves the study of internal mental processes
en: psychologie cognitive
humanistic psychology
noun
Humanistic psychology was instead focused on each individual's potential and stressed the importance of growth and self-actualization.
Example: The school of thought of humanistic psychology gained traction due to key figure Abraham Maslow in the 1950s.
en: humanisme
mental illness
noun
any of various disorders in which a person's thoughts, emotions, or behaviour are so abnormal as to cause suffering to himself, herself, or other people.
Example: Mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of. It is a medical problem, just like heart disease or diabetes.
en: maladie mentale
mental process
noun
the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the cognitive operation of remembering"
Example: Mental processes encompass all the things that the human mind can do naturally.
en: processus mentaux
nonverbal communication
noun
Nonverbal communication is the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless (mostly visual) cues between people.
Example: nonverbal communication is very important in a conversation.
en: communication non-verbale
obsessive–compulsive disorder
noun
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry; by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety.
Example: My OCD is making my life very hard.
en: trouble obsessionnel compulsif
operant conditioning
noun
conditioning in which an operant response is brought under stimulus control by virtue of presenting reinforcement contingent upon the occurrence of the operant response
Example: Operant conditioning can also be used to decrease a behavior.
en: conditionnement opérant
phobia
noun
an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something.
Example: I think I have a phobie of spider
en: phobie
placebo
noun
is a simulated or otherwise medically ineffectual treatment for a disease or other medical condition intended to deceive the recipient.
Example: The placebo effect has been a healing approach employed by caregivers.
en: placebo
psychoanalysis
noun
a method of studying the mind and treating mental and emotional disorders based on revealing and investigating the role of the unconscious mind.
Example: Freud was creating a cult like status for PSYCHOANALYSIS as opposed to a scientific discipline.
en: psychanalyse
psychosis
noun
a severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality.
Example: this guy killed someone during his psychosis.
en: psychose
schizophrenia
noun
a long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.
Example: schizophrenia is common and can be caused by the consumption of some drugs.
en: schizofrénie
sensory motor stage
noun
The first stage of Piaget's theory lasts from birth to approximately age two and is centered on the infant trying to make sense of the world.
Example: the sensory motor stage is part of the cognitive approach.
en: stage de développement moteur sensoriel
social identity
noun
A social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group.
Example: Social identity groups are usually defined by some physical, social, and mental characteristics.
en: identité sociale
social norm
noun
Social norms are socially accepted rules of behaviour and conduct which are prescribed by society and expected of an individual by that society. They are based on traditions, beliefs and values of a society, and they may change from one society to another.
Example: we build ourselves around social norms
en: norme sociale
sociocultural theory
noun
The work of sociocultural theory is to explain how individual mental functioning is related to cultural, institutional, and historical context; hence, the focus of the sociocultural perspective is on the roles that participation in social interactions and culturally organized activities play in influencing psychological development.
Example: Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena
en: théorie sociale
stimulus
noun
Any phenomenon that causes a reaction or response in an organism.
Example: the light is a type of stimulus.
en: stimulus
unconscious mind
noun
that part of the mind wherein psychic activity takes place of which the person is unaware.
Example: our unconscious mind is important for our development.
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2795397-types-of-nonverbal-communication-5b0db1218023b90036ee686a.png)
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2794863-operant-conditioning-a21-5b242abe8e1b6e0036fafff6.png)
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/list-of-phobias-2795453-5c7fdac2c9e77c0001e98f5a.png)
/2795462-sensorimotor-stage-of-cognitive-development-5b0db0bc8023b90036ee501a.png)
/folkways-mores-taboos-and-laws-3026267finalversion-5c8fe5a646e0fb000187a359.png)
